The history of Udham Singh Nagar district is a tapestry woven with threads of ancient settlements, royal patronage, colonial influence, and post-independence resettlement. Here’s a breakdown:
Early History and Royal Patronage:
- Ancient Roots:
- The region’s history stretches back centuries. Evidence suggests that various settlements existed in the area.
- The town of Kashipur, for instance, holds historical significance.
- Mughal Era:
- During the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, in 1588, the land was granted to King Rudra Chandra.
- King Rudra Chandra established a military camp in the Terai region, primarily to protect it from frequent invasions. This points to the region’s strategic importance.
Colonial Period:
- British Influence:
- During the British Raj, Nainital was established as a district.
- In 1864-65, the Terai and Bhawar regions were placed under the “Tarai and Bhawar Government Act,” bringing them under direct British Crown control.
Post-Independence and Formation of the District:
- Resettlement:
- A significant chapter in the district’s history unfolded after the partition of India in 1947.
- The region became a crucial resettlement area for refugees from the northwest and eastern regions of the country.
- The “Up Nivesh Yojana” facilitated the resettlement of these displaced populations, leading to a diverse demographic makeup.
- People from many different regions of India settled in the area, creating a very diverse cultural make up.
- District Formation:
- Udham Singh Nagar was officially formed as a separate district in October 1995, carved out of the Nainital district.
- It was named in honor of Udham Singh, a freedom fighter who assassinated Michael O’Dwyer to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
- The formation of the district was based on the recognition of the unique physiographical conditions of the Terai region.
Key Historical Points:
- The district’s history is deeply intertwined with its agricultural significance, earning it the title of the “food bowl of Uttarakhand.”
- The diverse population, resulting from post-partition resettlement, has created a rich cultural heritage.
- The area has a rich history of religious sites, that are still visited today.